DNA damage and apoptosis

Radiation track and DNA damage

Apoptosis and DNA damage in human spermatozoa.

DNA damage is frequently encountered in spermatozoa of subfertile males and is correlated with a range of adverse clinical outcomes including impaired fertilization, disrupted preimplantation embryonic development, increased rates of miscarriage and an enhanced risk of disease in the progeny. The etiology of DNA fragmentation in human spermatozoa is closely correlated with the appearance of oxi...

Germ cell apoptosis and DNA damage responses.

In the past 12 years, since the first description of C. elegans germ cell apoptosis, this area of research rapidly expanded. It became evident that multiple genetic pathways lead to the apoptotic demise of germ cells. We are only beginning to understand how these pathways that all require the CED-9/Bcl-2, Apaf-1/CED-4 and CED-3 caspase core apoptosis components are regulated. Physiological apop...

Amifostine aminothiols and protection of keratinocyte apoptosis and DNA damage.

Amifostine (S-2±3-aminopropylaminoethyl phosphorothioic acid), also known as WR-2721, is an aminothiol developed during the 1950s by the U.S. Army as a radio-protective agent (Murray, 1998). Amifostine is dephosphorylated in vivo to the active metabolite WR-1065, which enters cells by passive diffusion (Mitchell et al, 1995) and acts as a potent scavenger of free radicals and inhibitor of DNA d...

Mitochondrial DNA damage triggers mitochondrial-superoxide generation and apoptosis.

Recently, it has become apparent that mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) damage can rapidly initiate apoptosis independent of mutations, although the mechanism involved remains unclear. To elucidate this mechanism, angiotensin II-mediated apoptosis was studied in cells that were transduced with a lentiviral vector to overexpress the DNA repair enzyme 8-oxoguanine glycosylase or were treated with inhibit...